Hydraulic Control Valve for Forklift

Forklift Hydraulic Control Valve - The function of directional control valves is to be able to direct the fluid to the desired actuator. Usually, these control valves comprise a spool located inside of a housing created either from steel or cast iron. The spool slides to different positions inside the housing. Intersecting channels and grooves route the fluid based on the spool's location.

The spool has a neutral or central location that is maintained with springs. In this particular position, the supply fluid is returned to the tank or blocked. When the spool is slid to one side, the hydraulic fluid is routed to an actuator and provides a return path from the actuator to tank. When the spool is transferred to the other side, the supply and return paths are switched. As soon as the spool is enabled to return to the neutral or center location, the actuator fluid paths become blocked, locking it into place.

The directional control is typically designed to be stackable. They usually have a valve per hydraulic cylinder and a fluid input that supplies all the valves inside the stack.

To be able to prevent leaking and deal with the high pressure, tolerances are maintained really tight. Usually, the spools have a clearance with the housing of less than a thousandth of an inch or 25 µm. To be able to avoid distorting the valve block and jamming the valve's extremely sensitive components, the valve block will be mounted to the machine' frame with a 3-point pattern.

The position of the spool can be actuated by mechanical levers, hydraulic pilot pressure, or solenoids which push the spool right or left. A seal allows a portion of the spool to protrude outside the housing where it is easy to get to to the actuator.

The main valve block controls the stack of directional control valves by capacity and flow performance. Some of these valves are designed to be proportional, as a valve position to the proportional flow rate, whereas some valves are designed to be on-off. The control valve is among the most sensitive and costly components of a hydraulic circuit.

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